Criterion 1 – Expected Learning Outcomes

Criterion 1 – Expected Learning Outcomes

AUNQA requirements for Criterion 1

TRSU QA uses each of AUNQA criterion requirements below to assess the relevant QA practice of a program.

1.1 Outcomes formulation

The expected learning outcomes are appropriately formulated in accordance with an established learning taxonomy, are aligned to the vision and mission of the university, and are known to all stakeholders.

Diagnostic questions
  • What is the purpose of the study program?
  • How are the expected learning outcomes formulated?
  • How do we measure the ELOs, or know they are achieved?
  • How are they aligned to the university’s vision and mission?
  • Do employers have specific requirements for the graduates to meet?
  • Are the ELOs tuned to the need of employers? By what means?
1.2 Outcomes alignment

The expected learning outcomes for all courses are appropriately formulated and are aligned to the expected learning outcomes of the program.

Diagnostic questions
  • How are the ELOs of courses or CLOs formulated?
  • How are they aligned with the ELOs of the program or PLOs?
  • How are the CLOs measured? How do we know they are achieved?
  • How are CLOs made known to the staff and students?
1.3 Transferability

The expected learning outcomes consist of both generic outcomes (related to written and oral communication, problem-solving, information technology, team-building skills, etc) and subject specific outcomes (related to knowledge and skills of the study discipline).

Diagnostic questions
  • How are the subject specific outcomes formulated?
  • How are the generic outcomes formulated?
  • How are they measured? How do we know they are achieved?
  • Are both the outcomes equally important? Or which outcomes are given more emphasis than the other? Why?
  • Are the generic outcomes valued more to employers than the subject specific outcomes? Or the other way round?
1.4 Stakeholders’ input

The requirements of the stakeholders, especially the external stakeholders, are gathered, and that these are reflected in the expected learning outcomes.

Diagnostic questions
  • How are the requirements of external stakeholders gathered?
  • How are the requirements used to formulate the ELOs?
  • How do the PLOs or CLOs reflect the stakeholders’ requirements?
  • To what extent are the ELOs influenced by the labor market?
  • Is there a well-defined job profile?
1.5 Student achievement

The expected learning outcomes are achieved by the students by the time they graduate.

Diagnostic questions
  • How is the achievement of the learning outcomes measured?
  • To what extent have the learning outcomes been achieved?
  • How are the learning outcomes translated to concrete requirements of the graduates?
  • Are the learning outcomes reviewed periodically? What changes or improvement are considered?
Scoring for TRSU QA
TRSU-QA score12345
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AUNQA scoring rubrics

A seven-point rating scale used for AUNQA assessment is described below.

1. Absolutely inadequate

The QA practice to fulfil the criterion is not implemented
There are no plans, documents, evidences or results available. 
Immediate improvement must be made.

2. Inadequate and improvement is necessary

The QA practice to fulfil the criterion is still at its planning stage or is inadequate where improvement is necessary. 
There is little document or evidence available. 
Performance of the QA practice shows little or poor results.

3. Inadequate but minor improvement will make it adequate

The QA practice to fulfil the criterion is defined and implemented but minor improvement is needed to fully meet them. Documents are available but no clear evidence to support that they have been fully used. Performance of the QA practice shows inconsistent or some results.

4. Adequate as expected

The QA practice to fulfil the criterion is adequate and evidences support that it has been fully implementedPerformance of the QA practice shows consistent results as expected.

5. Better than adequate

The QA practice to fulfil the criterion is better than adequate. Evidence supports that it (the QA practice) has been efficiently implemented. Performance of the QA practice shows good results and positive improvement trend.

6. Example of best practice

The QA practice to fulfil the criterion is considered to be example of best practices in the field. Evidences support that it has been effectively implemented
Performance of QA practice shows very good results and positive improvement trend.

7. Excellent (example of world-class or leading practice)

The QA practice to fulfil the criterion is considered to be excellent or is an example of world-class practices in the field. Evidences support that it has been innovatively implemented. 
Performance of the QA practice shows excellent results and outstanding improvement trends.

Guide to writing a self-assessment report (SAR)
  • The report is the account of the self-assessment. It is not only descriptive but also analytical. It identifies and evaluates the problems and also provides an indication of how the problems identified will be dealt with. (Use the diagnostic questions provided in each of the AUN-QA criteria to do this.)
  • Illustrate clearly what, where, when, who, and how the QA mechanisms or instruments are implemented and managed to fulfil the criteria. This will help to piece all related information together.
  • Focus on information and data (objective evidences) that directly address the criteria. The report has to be concise and factual. Provide trends and statistics to show achievement and performance.
What is the QA practice to fulfil the criterion?

Quality assurance practice should mean QA plan that evaluates and/or modifies organization’s procedures to ensure that they provide the desired results. The QA plan documents the planning, implementation and assessment procedures for a project, process or any QA activity.
The QA plan should provide information about some or all of the following.

  • An overview of the project or process describing background, need, scope, activities, and deadlines;
  • Quality objectives to be attained (for example, characteristics, effectiveness, cycle time, cost, etc.);
  • Steps in the process that constitute the operating practice or procedures of the organization;
  • Allocation of responsibilities, authority, and resources for different phases of the project/process;
  • Specific document describing standards, practices, procedures, and instructions to be applied;
  • Suitable testing, inspection, examination, and audit programs at appropriate stages;
  • A documented procedure for changes and modifications to a quality plan as a process is improved;
  • A method for measuring the achievement of the quality objectives;

    (Source: https://asq.org/quality-resources/quality-plans)

1.1 The programme to show that the expected learning outcomes are appropriately formulated in accordance with an established learning taxonomy, are aligned to the vision and mission of the university, and are known to all stakeholders.

  • The main objective of the Aeronautics Program is to produce graduates with: high moral and ethical values, great adaptability towards the rapidly changing technology; the ability to do multi-tasking along with high language proficiency.
  • The expected learning outcomes of the BBA-AR program (latest revised and used from 2021) are framed on these objectives and are based on the various levels of the Bloom’s Taxonomy.
  • The program LOs are derived based on the institutional vision and mission which is to produce graduates who can compete globally.
  • During the framework, various stakeholders are invited, and these expected learning outcomes are made known to them.
  • The alignment of the Expected learning outcomes with the taxonomy level as well as its alignment towards the vision and mission of the College is shown below.

PLOs of Aeronautics

Blooms Taxonomy Level

1.     Have morals and ethics.

Discipline in the study and life Responsibility towards oneself and society.

Good personalities and are able to express themselves appropriately

Affective/ Organizing

2.     Be able to search for information and knowledge Able to present or communicate in English

Cognitive/Understanding

3.     Have basic knowledge of mathematics and basic science including starting to learn about the basic rules of aviation, airports

Cognitive/Understanding

4.     Have additional basic knowledge of air navigation and air traffic, Aircraft structure and materials, aviation regulations.

Cognitive/Understanding

5.     Able to apply basic knowledge of human factors in aviation, flight safety

Cognitive/Applying

6.     Professional knowledge of the aviation industry, aviation regulations, and safety

Cognitive/Understanding

7.     Have in-depth knowledge and skills in specific professional subjects and air navigation management such as meteorology, aircraft components and systems, flight performance aircraft performance control.

Preparation of aviation information and airport management

Cognitive/Apply

8.     Knowledge of various systems of the plane and human factors affecting flight

Cognitive/Understanding

9.     Have knowledge and understanding of aviation accident investigation principles, and learn various systems of aircraft

Cognitive/Understanding

10.  Have knowledge and skills, good human relations high responsibility, professional ethics, have a high level of English language skills and practice to take the exam and become a pilot Air Cargo Aviation Support Officer or related businesses

Cognitive/Analysis

11.  Have sufficient knowledge and skills for further study at a higher level

Cognitive/Analysis

Objective of the Program

12.  To produce graduates capable of being responsible, moral, and ethical aviation and support operators, and well adapted to international cultures.

Affective/ Organizing

13.  To produce graduates with knowledge and understanding of the operation of important systems in aircraft. flight control systems, various systems in airports, aircraft communication systems, and modern technology in aircraft and aviation

Cognitive/Understanding

14.  To produce graduates with the ability to adapt to rapidly changing technologies. can be learned according to the needs of the aviation industry and able to adapt to various societies and cultures

Cognitive/Applying

15.  To produce graduates with the ability to use the English language. This is the language that is set to be the main language of communication in the international aviation industry for efficient and effective communication

Cognitive/Understanding

16.  Be virtuous and ethical in life have professional ethics and Responsibility towards the profession, society, and en

vironment.

Affective/ Valuing

17.  Be able to perform various tasks in the aviation industry

Psychomotor/Articulate

Table 1.1 Program learning outcomes of BBA in the AERONAUTICS program

Vision and Mission of the Institution

PLO 1

PLO 2

PLO 3

PLO 4

PLO 5

PLO 6

PLO 7

PLO 8

PLO 9

PLO 10

PLO 11

Vision

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

St Theresa International College aims to be established and recognized as a leading university in terms of specialized and professional education programs and research contributions that will enable the graduates to have successful career and quality of life.

Missions

*

*

 

 

 

 

*

 

 

*

*

Produce graduates with high academic achievement and English language proficiency.

Develop research and academic works that are acknowledged and recognized nationally and internationally.

*

*

 

 

 

 

*

*

*

*

*

Establish the center of professional development in Education, Health and English Language Competency.

 

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Preserve Thai and International arts and culture to form a coexisting multicultural society.

*

*

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*

 

Employ an administrative system that achieves excellence in organizational management.

*

 

 

*

*

*

 

 

 

 

*

1.2 The programme to show that the expected learning outcomes for all courses are appropriately formulated and are aligned to the expected learning outcomes of the programme.

  • For the AR program, the course coordinator and the related academic staffs formulated the course learning outcomes in-order to achieve the assigned program learning outcomes.
  • The assessment methods and teaching and learning activities are designed accordingly.
  • All alignments are approved by the program and academic committees respectively.
  • The Management Information System(MIS) helps the instructor to submit his teaching plan and assessment plan with respect to the learning outcomes to be achieved.
  • Through the MIS the instructor can keep in track of the student’s progress in terms of attendance, mid-term and final exam performances etc. This helps the instructor to identify an alternate strategy based on the student’s performance.
  • Also, the instructors are required to use Google Classrooms for all the courses for learning management. The lecturer can upload the teaching materials, and power-points in these platforms. They can also schedule and create assignments, quizzes and class tests in this platform.
  • By, using such online platforms, the lecturer can keep in track of the students formative assessments and thereby they can monitor the performances of the students every now and then. Also, by this way, they can derive new strategies for the weaker students in-order to achieve the learning outcomes.
  • Through these platforms, the students can even communicate with lecturers to learn more about their performance.
  • Learning Management Systems (LMS) are also used to do the Mid-Term and Final exams. Discussion forums can also be created in these platforms wherein the students can put forth their ideas or opinions.

Course Learning Outcomes

Program Learning Outcome

Learning Outcome 1 Moral and Ethics

E1 – Aware of the value and morality, ethics, sacrifice and honesty

·     Have morals and ethics

·     Discipline in the study and life Responsibility towards oneself and society

·     Good personalities and able to express themselves appropriately

E2 – Be disciplined, punctual and responsible for oneself and society.

E3 – Respect the rules and regulations of the organization and society

E4 –  be able to analyze the impact of the aviation industry on individuals organizations and society

E5 –  having academic and professional ethics

Learning Outcomes 2 Knowledge learning outcomes

K1 – Have knowledge and understanding of key principles and theories in the content studied.

·     Have basic knowledge of mathematics and basic science including starting to learn about the basic rules of aviation, airports

·     Have additional basic knowledge of air navigation and air traffic, Aircraft structure and materials, aviation regulations

·     Professional knowledge in the aviation industry, aviation regulations and safety

·     Knowledge of various systems of the plane and human factors affecting flight

·      

·     Have knowledge and understanding of aviation accident investigation principles, and learn various systems of aircraft

K2 – Be able to analyze problem and, understand and explain aviation requirements.

K3 – Able to apply knowledge, skills and use of appropriate tools to solve problems.

K4 – Be able to analyze, design, and improve aviation management systems to meet professional requirements.

K5 – Be able to integrate knowledge in the study with knowledge in other fields. Related

Learning Outcomes 3 Cognitive skills learning outcomes

C1 – Develop concepts with careful consideration. under the sufficiency of information and systematically

Able to apply basic knowledge of human factors in aviation, flight safety

Have in-depth knowledge and skills in specific professional subjects and air navigation management such as meteorology, aircraft components and systems, flight performance aircraft performance control

Preparation of aviation information and airport management

Have sufficient knowledge and skills for further study at a higher level

C2 – be able to solve problems with scientific processes

C3 – be able to solve complex problems in learning management Propose solutions and lead to creative solutions.

C4 – Possess intellectual leadership in creative thinking and visionary development of learning management.

Learning Outcomes 4 Interpersonal Skills and Responsibilities

I1 – Able to communicate with a wide range of people and able to converse effectively in both Thai and foreign languages

Have knowledge and skills, good human relations high responsibility, professional ethics, have a high level of English language skills and practice to take the exam and become a pilot Air Cargo Aviation Support Officer or related businesses

I2 – can provide assistance and facilitate resolving various situations in the group both in the role of leader and team member

I3 – Able to use knowledge in science to guide society on appropriate issues.

I4 – Be responsible for one’s own actions and responsible for work in the group.

Learning Outcomes 5 Numerical Analysis, Communication and Information Technology Skills

N1 – Skilled in using statistical or mathematical techniques to make creative decisions in interpretation. and suggest ways to solve problems or disputes

Be able to search for information and knowledge Able to present or communicate in English

N2 – Be able to communicate effectively both verbally and in writing. Know how to choose and use presentation styles that are suitable for different problems and audience groups.

N3 – Able to select suitable information technology and communication techniques for data collection interpreting and communicating information and with caution Be deliberate in sharing information with others. This includes interacting with other people online.

N4 – Able to produce video or infographics Without copying other people’s work and having the right copyright

1.3 The programme to show that the expected learning outcomes consist of both generic outcomes (related to written and oral communication, problem solving, information technology, teambuilding skills, etc) and subject specific outcomes (related to knowledge and skills of the study discipline).

  • The curriculum has a framework for an expected learning outcome covering both subject-specific knowledge and generic knowledge skills.
  • The details of the learning outcome in each area are mentioned in Chapter 4 of TQF2.
  • As mentioned in the below table, the Bachelor of Science in the AR program is composed of the following subject-specific and generic learning outcomes.
  • The subject-specific learning outcome is in accordance with the OHEC and Ministry standards of competency for bachelor’s degree graduates.
  • The generic learning outcomes aim to develop a future global citizen, lifelong learner, and co-creator.

Learning Outcome

Generic

Specific subjects

Learning Outcome 1 Moral and Ethics

 

Aware of the value and morality, ethics, sacrifice and honesty

*

*

Be disciplined, punctual and responsible for oneself and society.

*

*

Respect the rules and regulations of the organization and society

*

*

be able to analyze the impact of the aviation industry on individuals organizations and society

*

*

having academic and professional ethics

*

*

Learning Outcomes 2 Knowledge

Have knowledge and understanding of key principles and theories in the content studied.

*

Be able to analyze problem and, understand and explain aviation requirements.

*

Able to apply knowledge, skills and use of appropriate tools to solve problems.

*

Be able to analyze, design, and improve aviation management systems to meet professional requirements.

*

Be able to integrate knowledge in the study with knowledge in other fields. Related

*

Knowledge and understanding of principles and theories in a broad and systematic general knowledge base

*

have knowledge, understanding and ability to use language for communication taking into account the context of Thai and international society

*

have knowledge and understanding of the thinking system life goals, arts, culture, human relations and daily life Including applying it to solve their problems.

*

have the ability to learn can use technology to search for knowledge related to living in society

*

Have basic knowledge and understanding of social, economic, political, scientific and technological phenomena and changes.

*

Learning Outcomes 3 Cognitive skills

C1 – Develop concepts with careful consideration. under the sufficiency of information and systematically

*

*

C2 – be able to solve problems with scientific processes

*

*

C3 – be able to solve complex problems in learning management Propose solutions and lead to creative solutions.

*

*

C4 – Possess intellectual leadership in creative thinking and visionary development of learning management.

*

*

Learning Outcomes 4 Interpersonal Skills and Responsibilities

I1 – Able to communicate with a wide range of people and able to converse effectively in both Thai and foreign languages

*

*

I2 – can provide assistance and facilitate resolving various situations in the group both in the role of leader and team member

*

*

I3 – Able to use knowledge in science to guide society on appropriate issues.

*

*

I4 – Be responsible for one’s own actions and responsible for work in the group.

*

*

Learning Outcomes 5 Numerical Analysis, Communication and Information Technology Skills

N1 – Skilled in using statistical or mathematical techniques to make creative decisions in interpretation. and suggest ways to solve problems or disputes

*

*

N2 – Be able to communicate effectively both verbally and in writing. Know how to choose and use presentation styles that are suitable for different problems and audience groups.

*

*

N3 – Able to select suitable information technology and communication techniques for data collection interpreting and communicating information and with caution Be deliberate in sharing information with others. This includes interacting with other people online.

*

*

N4 – Able to produce video or infographics Without copying other people’s work and having the right copyright

*

*

1.4 The programme to show that the requirements of the stakeholders, especially the external stakeholders, are gathered, and that these are reflected in the expected learning outcomes.

  • The program shows that the requirements of the stakeholders, especially the external stakeholders, are gathered and that these are reflected in the expected learning outcome.
  • Based on the key principle of outcome-based education, that the first step of the program development has to focus on clarifying the culminating outcomes.
  • The process of collecting the requirements of the stakeholders in order to formulate PLOs of the current Bachelor of Science Aeronautics Program was improved from the previous one. We included internal and external stakeholders.
  • The requirements of the regularity sectors (OHEC, MHESI), and STIC’s vision and mission are gathered by reviewing documentation.
  • The other stakeholder needs were gathered through multiple methods that were appropriate for each group, such as:
    • discussions with current students,
    • interviews with alumni, and
    • interviews with supervisors,
    • employers survey for their opinions regarding alumni performance,
    • interviewing the academic staffs of each course and
    • the evaluation from the current graduates.
  • All information was analyzed and categorized to formulated PLOs, which were congruent with the needs of the stakeholders. Additionally, all PLOs reflected the requirement of MHESI as a standard of higher education at the national level, thereby satisfying the needs of the aviation industry.

Philosophy

Objectives

Expected Learning Outcome

Provide science education Aviation To obtain skilled aviation operators who are conscious of life safety. and property of those involved according to national and international standards

O1-To produce graduates capable of being responsible, moral and ethical aviation and support operators, and well adapted to international cultures.

O2-Be virtuous and ethical in life have professional ethics.

Responsibility towards the profession, society and environment

Have morals and ethics, Discipline in the study and life.

Responsibility towards oneself and society

Good personalities and able to express themselves appropriately

O3-To produce graduates with knowledge and understanding of the operation of important systems in aircraft. flight control systems, various systems in airports, aircraft communication systems, and modern technology in aircraft and aviation

Have basic knowledge of mathematics and basic science including starting to learn about the basic rules of aviation, airports.

Have additional basic knowledge of air navigation and air traffic, Aircraft structure and materials, aviation regulations.

Able to apply basic knowledge of human factors in aviation, flight safety

Knowledge of various systems of the plane and human factors affecting flight

Have knowledge and understanding of aviation accident investigation principles, and learn various systems of aircraft

O4- To produce graduates with the ability to adapt to rapidly changing technologies. can be learned according to the needs of the aviation industry and able to adapt to various societies and cultures

Have knowledge and skills, good human relations high responsibility, professional ethics, have a high level of English language skills and practice to take the exam and become a pilot Air Cargo Aviation Support Officer or related businesses.

Have sufficient knowledge and skills for further study at a higher level

O5- To produce graduates with the ability to use the English language. This is the language that is set to be the main language of communication in the international aviation industry for efficient and effective communication

Be able to search for information and knowledge.

Able to present or communicate in English.

O6- Be able to perform various tasks in the aviation industry

Professional knowledge in the aviation industry, aviation regulations and safety

Have in-depth knowledge and skills in specific professional subjects and air navigation management such as meteorology, aircraft components and systems, flight performance aircraft performance control.

Preparation of aviation information and airport management

1.5 The programme to show that the expected learning outcomes are achieved by the students by the time they graduate

  • Based on the framework of TQF for higher education, TQF3 was the theory course specification and TQF4 was the practicum course specification.
  • Every course has identified CLOs as requirements for completion. Therefore, students who had completed the course had achieved and contributed to achieving the PLOs.
  • To assure this, the Bachelor of Science in the Aeronautics Program has a course auditing system that complies with the regulations of OHEC with at least 25% of the courses accredited.
  • The academic committee appointed the course auditing committee for all courses.
  • The committee approves all course operations to review that the teaching-learning strategies and assessment methods enable students to achieve CLOs thereby contributing to PLOS. Their recommendations were reported to the course coordinator and the academic committee for further improvement.
  • According to the early study plan, students had to complete the previous year’s study plan before going on to the next year’s study plan sequenced from the basic knowledge to mastery skills.
  • According to the graduation criteria mentioned in the curriculum, every student has to achieve atleast a CGPA of 2.0 in order to guarantee that they pass at the standard level.
  • In case the student could not complete grade 2.0 the student coordinator would arrange opportunities for them to improve their learning until completion.
  • In addition to this requirement, the student must have TOEIC English test scores which are considered to be the English exist test that serves as the criteria for graduation.
  • Once this student cleared all the requirements as indicated in TQF2, the academic committee will assess the student’s achievement to ensure that they have achieved the PLOs.

Result

  • The alumni and the graduates who are working in the Aviation Organizations exhibit these learning outcomes.
  • They were able to communicate effectively in English in their job sector in order to get the clients.
  • They were able to follow the ethical standards of the organization as well as they were able to do multi-tasking efficiently in their work places.

EPLOs of Aeronautics

Evidence to show that students achieved EPLO by the time they graduate

1.     Have morals and ethics.

Discipline in the study and life Responsibility towards oneself and society.

Good personalities and are able to express themselves appropriately

1.     All the students from the final year have successfully completed their BSc Aeronautics program. The verification of learning outcomes of the question papers serves as an evidence to say that the graduates had acquired the higher order thinking skills throw their summative assessment.

2.     The graduates showed a drastic improvement in their values and skills throughout their studies in the college. Their performances in the classroom activities such as group discussion, individual and group presentations, peer teaching collaborations, project works, roleplays, etc. clearly exhibited   their achievement of the ELO.

3.     According to the intern supervisors:

a.      The AR students have performed much better compared to other university students.

b.     The student’s English proficiency was also better compared to the other interns.

c.      As the students’ basic aviation understanding was strong, they were able to understand the work so easily.

d.     They were able to communicate and work as a team.

4.     The final year students had successfully completed the English exit exam with an overall average score of 432.

5.     64 % of the graduates are working in the core industries.

6.     22% of the graduates are running their own businesses.

2.     Be able to search for information and knowledge Able to present or communicate in English

3.     Have basic knowledge of mathematics and basic science including starting to learn about the basic rules of aviation, airports

4.     Have additional basic knowledge of air navigation and air traffic, Aircraft structure and materials, aviation regulations.

5.     Able to apply basic knowledge of human factors in aviation, flight safety

6.     Professional knowledge of the aviation industry, aviation regulations, and safety

7.     Have in-depth knowledge and skills in specific professional subjects and air navigation management such as meteorology, aircraft components and systems, flight performance aircraft performance control.

8.     Preparation of aviation information and airport management

7.     Knowledge of various systems of the plane and human factors affecting flight

8.     Have knowledge and understanding of aviation accident investigation principles, and learn various systems of aircraft

9.     Have knowledge and skills, good human relations high responsibility, professional ethics, have a high level of English language skills and practice to take the exam and become a pilot Air Cargo Aviation Support Officer or related businesses

10.  Have sufficient knowledge and skills for further study at a higher level

Assessment scores
RequirementsSelf scoreAsses
sors’
1.1 The programme to show that the expected learning outcomes are appropriately formulated in accordance with an established learning taxonomy, are aligned to the vision and mission of the university, and are known to all stakeholders.1
1.2 The programme to show that the expected learning outcomes for all courses are appropriately formulated and are aligned to the expected learning outcomes of the programme.1
1.3 The programme to show that the expected learning outcomes consist of both generic outcomes and subject specific outcomes.1
1.4 The programme to show that the requirements of the stakeholders, especially the external stakeholders, are gathered, and that these are reflected in the expected learning outcomes.1
1.5 The programme to show that the expected learning outcomes are achieved by the students by the time they graduate1
Overall

One thought on “Criterion 1 – Expected Learning Outcomes”

  • 1.1 Did you derive PLOs of BSc(Aeronautics) program yourself? The PLOs are supposed to come from TQF2 (the program specification in Thai). They are given in the LO headers of section 3 of TQF3 and TQF4.

    1.2 The LOs in the left column are PLOs, the headers in Section 3 of TQF3, while the CLOs are supposed to be derived from PLOs.

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